Search results for "Ambient air"

showing 10 items of 28 documents

Effects of gaseous and solid constituents of air pollution on endothelial function

2018

Abstract Ambient air pollution is a leading cause of non-communicable disease globally. The largest proportion of deaths and morbidity due to air pollution is now known to be due to cardiovascular disorders. Several particulate and gaseous air pollutants can trigger acute events (e.g. myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure). While the mechanisms by which air pollutants cause cardiovascular events is undergoing continual refinement, the preponderant evidence support rapid effects of a diversity of pollutants including all particulate pollutants (e.g. course, fine, ultrafine particles) and gaseous pollutants such as ozone, on vascular function. Indeed alterations in endothelial function…

0301 basic medicineClinical ReviewFine particulateAir pollutionAir pollution030204 cardiovascular system & hematologymedicine.disease_cause03 medical and health sciencesGreenhouse Gases0302 clinical medicineOzoneRisk FactorsEnvironmental healthMedicineAnimalsHumansEndothelial dysfunctionNitrogen dioxidePollutantInflammationAir PollutantsHuman studiesAmbient air pollutionbusiness.industryEnvironmental ExposureParticulates3. Good healthEditor's Choice030104 developmental biology13. Climate actionCardiovascular DiseasesOxidative stressEndothelium VascularCurrent (fluid)Cardiology and Cardiovascular MedicinebusinessVascular functionParticulate matterTranslational MedicineEuropean Heart Journal
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Prenatal Ambient Air Pollution, Placental Mitochondrial DNA Content, and Birth Weight in the INMA (Spain) and ENVIRONAGE (Belgium) Birth Cohorts

2016

The research leading to these results was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS-PI11/00610, FIS-PI041436, FIS-PI081151, FIS-PI042018, and FIS-PI09/02311), the European Union (EU) (FP7-ENV-2011 cod 282957 and HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red INMA G03/176, CB06/02/0041, FIS-FEDER 03/1615, 04/1509, 04/1112, 04/1931, 05/1079, 05/1052, 06/1213, 07/0314, 09/02647, 11/01007, 11/02591, CP11/00178, FIS-PI06/0867, and FIS-PS09/00090), the Conselleria de Sanitat Generalitat Valenciana, the Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT (1999SGR 00241), the Obre Social Cajastur, the Universidad de Oviedo, the Department of Health of the Basque Government (2005111093 and 2009111069),…

0301 basic medicinePediatrics:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size::Body Weight::Birth Weight [Medical Subject Headings]:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Physiological Processes::Growth and Development::Morphogenesis::Embryonic and Fetal Development::Fetal Development [Medical Subject Headings]Health Toxicology and MutagenesisPlacentaEspañaPhysiology:Diseases::Pathological Conditions Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Growth Disorders::Fetal Growth Retardation [Medical Subject Headings]ADN mitocondrial010501 environmental sciencesMitochondrion01 natural sciencesFetal DevelopmentBélgicaPregnancyBirth Weightskin and connective tissue diseasesPeso al nacerNews | Science SelectionsMitocondrias:Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Processes::Reproduction::Pregnancy [Medical Subject Headings]:Anatomy::Cells::Cellular Structures::Intracellular Space::Cytoplasm::Cytoplasmic Structures::Organelles::Mitochondria [Medical Subject Headings]2. Zero hunger:Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain [Medical Subject Headings]Air PollutantsAmbient air pollutionAire -- ContaminacióFemenino3. Good healthmedicine.anatomical_structureMaternal ExposureFemaleBirth cohort:Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Air Pollution [Medical Subject Headings]Mitochondrial DNAmedicine.medical_specialtyModelos LinealesEmbarazoBirth weightInfants -- DesenvolupamentBiology:Chemicals and Drugs::Inorganic Chemicals::Gases::Nitrogen Oxides::Nitrogen Dioxide [Medical Subject Headings]DNA Mitochondrial:Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Structures::Genome::Genome Components::Genes::Genes Mitochondrial [Medical Subject Headings]03 medical and health sciencesAir pollutantsPlacentaAir PollutionmedicineHumans:Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe::Belgium [Medical Subject Headings]:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Models Statistical::Linear Models [Medical Subject Headings]Contaminación del aire0105 earth and related environmental sciencesRetardo del crecimiento fetal:Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids Nucleotides and Nucleosides::Nucleic Acids::DNA::DNA Circular::DNA Mitochondrial [Medical Subject Headings]Genes mitocondrialesPregnancyPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthDesarrollo fetalmedicine.disease:Anatomy::Embryonic Structures::Placenta [Medical Subject Headings]030104 developmental biology:Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings]13. Climate actionSpainsense organsDióxido de nitrógeno
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Effects of air pollution particles (ultrafine and fine particulate matter) on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress – Implications for cardiova…

2020

Environmental pollution is a major cause of global mortality and burden of disease. All chemical pollution forms together may be responsible for up to 12 million annual excess deaths as estimated by the Lancet Commission on pollution and health as well as the World Health Organization. Ambient air pollution by particulate matter (PM) and ozone was found to be associated with an all-cause mortality rate of up to 9 million in the year 2015, with the majority being of cerebro- and cardiovascular nature (e.g. stroke and ischemic heart disease). Recent evidence suggests that exposure to airborne particles and gases contributes to and accelerates neurodegenerative diseases. Especially, airborne t…

0301 basic medicinePollutionmedia_common.quotation_subjectBiophysicsAir pollutionEnvironmental pollutionDiseasemedicine.disease_causeBiochemistry03 medical and health sciencesEnvironmental healthMedicineAnimalsHumansEnvironmental risk factorsNeurodegenerationMolecular Biologymedia_commonMitochondrial damage and dysfunctionAir Pollutants030102 biochemistry & molecular biologybusiness.industryMortality rateNeurodegenerationNeurodegenerative DiseasesParticulatesmedicine.diseaseCardiovascular diseaseMitochondriaOxidative Stress030104 developmental biologyCardiovascular DiseasesAmbient air pollution; Cardiovascular disease; Environmental risk factors; Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction; Neurodegeneration; Particulate matter; Air Pollutants; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Mitochondria; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Oxidative Stress; Particulate MatterParticulate MatterAmbient air pollutionbusinessOxidative stress
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Age–sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study…

2022

Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Background: The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively as it has been in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across all age groups by sex, for 204 countries and territories.  Methods: In this analysis of data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we used clinician-diagnosed pneumonia or bronchiolitis as our case definition for LRIs. We included International Classification of Diseases 9th edition codes 079.6, 466–469, 470.0, 480–4…

AdultMaleGlobal HealthTimeGlobal Burden of DiseaseSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingRisk FactorsRA0421RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive MedicineHumansAmbient air-qualityChildRespiratory Tract InfectionsAgedAged 80 and overMCCSex CharacteristicsMalnutritionPyridinolcarbamateBayes Theorem3rd-DAS3142 Public health care science environmental and occupational healthInfectious Diseases3121 General medicine internal medicine and other clinical medicineChild PreschoolFemaleParticulate MatterQuality-Adjusted Life YearsCovid-19LRI
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Combined target and post-run target strategy for a comprehensive analysis of pesticides in ambient air using liquid chromatography-Orbitrap high reso…

2014

Abstract A comprehensive strategy for the analysis of current airborne pesticides has been developed using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. The methodology includes both quantitative target analysis and post-run target screening analysis. The quantitative method was validated after a previous statistical optimisation of the main factors governing the ion source ionization and a study of the single-stage Orbitrap fragmentation through the HCD cell. The quantitative method presented recoveries ranging from 73 to 116%, with precision (RSD) lower than 20%, for the 35 substances in the scope of the target method. The full-scan accurate mass data were acquired w…

Air PollutantsChromatographyChemistryMyclobutanilOrganic ChemistryAnalytical chemistryTarget analysisGeneral MedicineTerbuthylazinePesticideOrbitrapBiochemistryMass SpectrometryIon sourceAnalytical ChemistryAmbient airlaw.inventionMolecular WeightMasschemistry.chemical_compoundSpainlawPesticidesChromatography High Pressure LiquidJournal of Chromatography A
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Sampling and analysis of pesticides in ambient air.

2008

Developments in the sampling and determination of pesticides in ambient air have been discussed and data on the occurrence of pesticides in atmosphere have been presented. Developments in active sampling methods were reviewed and the different materials used for trapping pesticides from gas and particulate phases were discussed. Likewise, the use and developments of passive air samplers were reviewed. This article pays special attention to the analysis of pesticides trapped from ambient air, and recapitulate the procedures for extraction, clean-up and determination of these substances. Improvements in sampling procedures, analytical methods and monitoring activities are necessary to advance…

Air PollutantsChromatographyChromatography GasChemistryAirOrganic ChemistryActive detectionAir pollutionPesticide ResiduesSampling (statistics)General MedicinePesticideParticulatesChemical Fractionationmedicine.disease_causeBiochemistryAnalytical ChemistryAmbient airmedicineSolvent extractionAir quality indexChromatography High Pressure LiquidEnvironmental MonitoringJournal of chromatography. A
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Methodological Aspects for the Implementation of the Air Pesticide Control and Surveillance Network (PESTNet) of the Valencian Region (Spain)

2021

A large amount of pesticide, applied mainly during agricultural practice, is released into the atmosphere, decreasing air quality and potentially causing public health problems. The Valencian region, after Andalusia, is the Spanish region with the highest consumption of pesticides owing to its large areas of agricultural land and the existence of crops that require intensive use of pesticides. In this work, we describe the sampling and analytical tools developed in the last decade and their transference to the Regional Department for Environment, where the main objective of the research was the creation and implementation of an Air pesticide control and surveillance network (PESTNet) in the…

Atmospheric Science010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesPopulationEnvironmental Science (miscellaneous)01 natural sciencesValencianAgricultural landMeteorology. ClimatologyeducationAir quality index0105 earth and related environmental scienceseducation.field_of_studybusiness.industry010401 analytical chemistrypublic healthSampling (statistics)pesticidesPesticidelanguage.human_language0104 chemical sciencesAgriculturenetworklanguageambient airsurveillanceEnvironmental scienceQC851-999Water resource managementRisk assessmentbusinessAtmosphere
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Modeling the outdoor cooling impact of highly radiative “super cool” materials applied on roofs

2021

Abstract Highly reflective “cool materials” are commonly used to reduce temperatures in the urban environment. Recently developed “super cool” materials feature an even higher albedo and emissivity (both above 0.95) than traditional cool materials. To examine the impacts of super cool roofing materials on outdoor air temperature compared to traditional cool roofs and green roofs, we conduct a sensitivity study with the microclimate model ENVI-met. Simulated surface temperature of super cool roofs remained around 6 K below ambient air temperature during high solar irradiation, which is consistent with observations. Super cool roofs – with an averaged street-level air temperature cooling of a…

Atmospheric ScienceGeography Planning and DevelopmentAir exchangeMicroclimateEnvironmental Science (miscellaneous)AlbedoAtmospheric sciencesAmbient airUrban StudiesEmissivityRadiative transferEnvironmental scienceReflective surfacesRoofUrban Climate
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Indoor air pesticide in dwellings of breastfeeding mothers of the Valencian Region (Spain): Levels, exposure and risk assessment

2021

This study assessed the inhalation risk associated with indoor pesticide concentrations in the dwellings of 41 lactating mothers living in the Valencian Region, Spain, who were participants in the BETTERMILK project. Twenty-eight substances were investigated, including pyrethroid (PYRs), organophosphate (OPPs), and organochlorine (OCPs) pesticides. Bifenthrin, cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, malathion, permethrin and pyrimethanil were detected with frequencies ranging from 2% (malathion) to 80% (cypermethrin), and with an arithmetic mean concentration ranging from 4.1 ng m(-3) (bifenthrin) to 12.1 ng m-(3) (cypermethrin). The indoor air analysis was combined with several surveys to assess…

Atmospheric ScienceIndoor ambient air010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesBifenthrinPopulation010501 environmental sciences01 natural sciencesCypermethrinToxicologychemistry.chemical_compoundOccurrencemedicinePesticideseducation0105 earth and related environmental sciencesGeneral Environmental ScienceRisk assessmentBreastfeeding motherseducation.field_of_studyPyrethroidbusiness.industryPesticideHazard quotientchemistryMalathionbusinessPermethrinmedicine.drug
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New screening approach for risk assessment of pesticides in ambient air

2014

We present a novel screening approach for inhalation risk assessment of currently used pesticides (CUPs) in ambient air, based on the measurements of pesticide levels in the inhalable fraction of the particulate matter (PM10). Total concentrations in ambient air (gas + particle phases) were estimated using a theoretical model of distribution of semi-volatile organic compounds between the gas and the particulate phase based on the octanol-air partition (K-oa) of each pesticide. The proposed approach was used in a pilot study conducted in a rural station in Valencia (Spain) from April through to October 2010. Twenty out of 82 analysed pesticides were detected in average concentrations ranging…

Atmospheric ScienceInhalationChemistryRural stationGas/particle partitioningPesticideParticulatesHazard quotientAmbient airToxicologyInhalationEnvironmental chemistryExposure assessmentPesticidesRisk assessmentGeneral Environmental ScienceExposure assessmentRisk assessment
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